Two animal trials resulted in a significant reduction in parasite burden. Taeniasis due to taenia solium is a disease with important public health consequences, since the larval stage is not exclusive to the animal intermediate, the pig, but also infects humans, causing neurocysticercosis. General recognition features can be 10 meters long though usually 25 meters 2000 proglottids 1 cm long with 12 being gravid proglottids have 1520 lateral branches from the uterus and a lateral genital pore scolex has 4 suckers with a. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of taenia saginata, t. The main cause of human cysticercosis is the larval form of taenia solium pork tapeworm. Case reports of ncc are increasing among refugees resettled to the united states and other nations, but the underlying prevalence among refugee groups is unknown.
Although many species exist, two species, taenia saginata and taenia solium, cause pathology in humans. A crosssectional study of taenia solium in a multiple taeniidendemic region reveals competition may be protective. Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in southeast asia ncbi. Taenia solium is the cause of neurocysticercosis, which has several forms including parenchymal, subarachnoid, ventricular, and spinal forms. Taenia solium eggs can also cause cysticercosis life cycle. The parasite is traditionally found in developing countries where undercooked pork is consumed under poor sanitary conditions andor as part of traditional food cultures. Hostcell apoptosis in taenia soliuminduced brain granulomas in naturally. Monitoring treatment of taenia solium neurocysticercosis. Prevalence of taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs entering. Corrigendum to prevalence of taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a communitybased study in 21 villages of the eastern cape province, south africa vet. A crosssectional study of taenia solium in a multiple taeniid.
Relationship between serum antibodies and taenia solium larvae burden in pigs raised in field conditions. Taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode that causes taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans. Tim odempsey, in antibiotic and chemotherapy ninth edition, 2010. A patient with paucisymptomatic neurocysticercosis ncc diagnosed by agelisa, and confirmed by mri images, was treated with praziquantel. Pdf taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode that causes taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans. Pdf taeniasis and cysticercosis due to taenia solium in. However, the recent increase in international tourism and immigration is spreading the disease into nonendemic developed countries such. Immunolocalization of taenia solium gap junction innexins volume 5 issue 9 r. Taenia saginata, known as the beef tapeworm, is transmitted to humans in the form of infectious larval cysts found in the meat of cattle, which serve as the parasites usual intermediate host.
However, cysticercosis occurs in some areas or islands, where most people are either christians or hindu ito et al. Taenia solium tapeworm infection, oregon, 20062009. Any diagnosis of taeniasis or cysticercosis should be accompanied by a ct scan and mri to determine whether or not there are cysticerci in nervous or ocular tissue. Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, is endemic in most developing countries as well as in developed nations with a high influx of immigrants from endemic areas fig. Taenia solium definition of taenia solium by medical. Details on the taenia solium life cycle, transmission, and diagnosis can be found in chapter 26. Infection follows consumption of undercooked beef or pork containing cysts. It is found throughout the world and is most common in countries where pork is eaten. Taeniasis is the infection of humans with the adult tapeworm of taenia saginata or taenia solium. Taeniasis is a tapeworm cestode infection acquired by the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat of infected animals.
Humans are the only definitive hosts for these three species. Nested pcr for specific diagnosis of taenia solium taeniasis. Neurocysticercosis is a frequent cause of seizures in areas endemic for taenia solium, the pig tapeworm, but the infection can be asymptomatic. This chapter will discuss only neurocysticercosis associated with eosinophilic meningitis. Epidemiology of taenia saginata taeniosiscysticercosis. Taenia hydatigena cysticerci efsa, 2008, while in 2010, 38 slaugh. Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to taenia solium in japan. Among them 359 were caused by taenia saginata, three by t. Taenia solium definition of taenia solium by medical dictionary. Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis control and. Any diagnosis of taeniasis or cysticercosis should be accompanied by a ct scan and mri to determine whether or not there are cysticerci in nervous or ocular tissue human back and buttocks exhibiting cysticercosis. Taenia solium completes its life cycle in two different vertebrate hosts, man and pig.
Bovines can then ingest the eggs through contaminated. Molecular identification of zoonotic tissueinvasive tapeworm. Most strategies have been tested in prepost intervention designs in very few. The medical significance of the parasite arises not from it causing taeniasis but because humans may become infected with the larval or metacestode life cycle stage, in which case it commonly encysts in the brain and spinal cord, causing neurocysticercosis. However, the recent increase in international tourism and immigration is spreading the disease into non. Cooccurrence of swine cysticercosis due to taenia solium and. It is thought that this is associated with the lack of consumption of pork by the muslim majority population. It is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy in humans and a priority for control under the 2012 road map for control of neglected tropical diseasesntd roadmap world.
Seroprevalence of antibodies against taenia solium cysticerci. Taenia solium humans and are usually the definitive host. Intestinal infection with the adult stages of either of the tapeworms, taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, or taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm. One has to balance the risks that treatment with praziquantel andor albendazole can lead to leakage of parasite antigen with an increase in perilesional edema. Cooccurrence of swine cysticercosis due to taenia solium. Monitoring the outcomes of interventions against taenia. Taenia solium armed tapeworm, measly tapeworm parasitology the pork tapeworm, contracted from undercooked or measly porkpork infected with larval forms of t solium, which can grow 0. We tested stored serum samples from the centers for. At present there is scarce data on the evolution of the levels of circulating metacestodal antigen before, during and after treatment with anthelmintic drugs. Pdf taenia solium tapeworm infection, oregon, 20062009. The medical significance of the parasite arises not from it causing taeniasis but because humans may become infected with the larval or metacestode life cycle stage, in which case it commonly encysts in the brain and spinal cord. Adult tapeworms have also been found in some species of nonhuman primates. One is due to eating undercooked pork that contains the cysts and results in adult worms in the intestines. The treatment of this condition is controversial i.
Taenia solium je vrsta pantljicara koja parazitira u crevu coveka, dok je svinja prelazni domacin. The common name for taenia solium is pork tapeworm i. Taeniasis is often asymptomatic, but one consistent diagnostic feature is the. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Jan 01, 2008 comparison of nucleotide sequences of cox1 of the taenia solium isolate from a balinese cysticercosis patient and those of cox1 from known human taenia cestodes. Taenia solium infection taeniasis is an intestinal infection with adult tapeworms that follows ingestion of contaminated pork. Adult taenia solium scolex taenia solium scolex suckers hooks photo. Hypothetically, children may be a vulnerable population to infection as neurological problems and cognitive impairment caused by ncc during formative school years. Taenia solium cysticercosis journal of the neurological sciences. Cestodes taenia solium north dakota department of health. General recognition features scolex has four suckers with a rostellum that has a double circle of alternating large and small hooks 2236 proglottid is smaller than t saginata and has 7 lateral branches off the central uterus. Taenia solium cysticercosis is rather uncommon in indonesia. Pdf hostcell apoptosis in taenia soliuminduced brain.
Jul 24, 2018 a crosssectional study of taenia solium in a multiple taeniidendemic region reveals competition may be protective. Cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis, taeniasis, taenia solium, tapeworm. Taenia solium was declared potentially eradicable by the international task force for disease eradication in 1992. Solium scolex gravid proglottid taenia solium uterine branches number less than 10 per side embryonated, infectious taeniid eggs egg envelope hexacanth larva hooklets cannot determine the species of taenia based on egg morphology. The parasite is transmitted from human tapeworm carriers taeniosis to bovines cysticercosis by excretion of eggs or proglottids containing eggs into the environment via the stool. Humans act as the definitive host and harbour the adult tapeworm in the small intestine. Taenia saginata has 1230 primary lateral uterine branches, while t. Man is considered to be the definitive host and the pig is considered as the intermediate host. Monitoring treatment of taenia solium neurocysticercosis by. Oncospheral stagespecific 45w proteins are good candidates for the development of anticysticercosis vaccines. Parenchymal neurocysticercosis is a frequent cause of seizures in areas endemic for taenia solium. General recognition features can be 10 meters long though usually 25 meters 2000 proglottids 1 cm long with 12 being gravid proglottids have 1520 lateral branches from. It is a major public health problem because of the high proportion of seizure cases in endemic areas which are caused by nervous system infection with the larval stage neurocysticercosis, ncc garcia. Serologic methods are desirable because they are speci.
Taenia solium is a cestode parasite transmitted between humans acting as definitive hosts and pigs as intermediate hosts. Cysticercosis is usually asymptomatic unless larvae. Visualization of the branches can be improved by clearing the specimen in lactophenol followed by india ink injection into the lateral genital pore. In developing countries, ncc is a leading cause of adultonset epilepsy. Protection against asiatic taenia solium induced by a. Adult worms may cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms or passage of a motile segment in the stool. Cestodes taenia saginata north dakota department of health. The attachment organ, or scolex, has 4 large suckers with a double row of hooks the adult tape worm grows to be about 6mm in width and 27 m in length with about 800 segments called proglottids mature proglottis called gravid proglottis will be casted off out of. Author summary the zoonotic tapeworm, taenia solium, affects millions of impoverished people worldwide and can cause neurocysticercosis ncc, an infection of the central nervous system which is potentially fatal. Taenia solium is the pork tapeworm, a tapeworm belonging to the cyclophyllid cestode family taeniidae. Taenia solium pork tapeworm infection and cysticercosis. The cestodes tapeworms taenia saginata beef tapeworm and t. Current diagnosis based on microscopic observation of eggs lacks both. Cysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the parasite taenia solium and can be acquired by consuming foods contaminated with feces that contain taenia eggs shed from a human carrier of the tapeworm.
However, it may also be found in other tissues such as in the c. Oncospheres hatch from the eggs and move through the intestinal wall and into the circulatory system. Seroprevalence of antibodies against taenia solium. Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm, and taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, are the most common tapeworms affecting humans. Two animal trials resulted in a significant reduction in parasite burden induced by the definite. Yet, very few welldesigned communitybased randomized controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of alternative control strategies. Taenia solium cysticercosis the lessons of history.
Fairley, in mandell, douglas, and bennetts principles and practice of infectious diseases eighth edition, 2015. The definitive host human passes eggs and gravid proglottids from the mature tapeworm in its small intestine through feces the intermediate host pig ingests food contaminated with feces, and therefore, the eggs and proglottids. An update of versters 1969 taxonomic revision of the genus taenia linnaeus cestoda in table format. Taenia solium is a great threat not only to human health but also to the pigraising industry. Taenia saginata is a zoonotic tapeworm that is of economic importance in countries where cattle are kept. Disease caused by cysticercus cellulosae, the tissue or larval stage of taenia solium.
Pig cow acts as intermediate host and harbour the larval stage. Jan 26, 2017 cysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the parasite taenia solium and can be acquired by consuming foods contaminated with feces that contain taenia eggs shed from a human carrier of the tapeworm. In this study, a recombinant 45w4b protein was highly produced and used for vaccination. Larvae other than taenia solium in suspected human cysticercosis. The usual intermediate hosts are domestic and wild pigs. Assessing the impact of a joint humanporcine intervention. Garcia hh, et al 2008 nested pcr for specific diagnosis of.
194 855 72 1146 1231 1563 372 335 247 112 349 408 1098 101 1248 535 360 1516 508 1230 741 762 211 684 365 1446 1428 1347 1482 492 713 142 246 1488 88 812 214 1201 792 533 1354 467 1307 271 1157 1272